The Effects of Motivational and Instructional Self-Talk on Cross-Training Exercise Performance

Self-talk is a multi-dimensional construct comprised of self-statements that provide instruction, or motivation, for successful task completion. Instructional self-talk has been shown to be more effective during precision tasks, and motivational self-talk has been shown to be more effective during gross motor and exercise tasks. The effects of self-talk on task performance have not been explored through a combination of endurance and precision exercise, or cross-training. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effectiveness of instructional and motivational self-talk during a cross-training exercise task of running and overhead squatting. 30 participants were evenly divided into three groups (i.e., control, motivational, and instructional), and were examined across three exercise trials. Two 3 x 3 factorial ANOVAs comparing exercise time and mechanical score revealed no significant differences between groups across exercise trials. The results of the present study provide a potential starting point for future self-talk studies analyzing the combination of exercise tasks

A Comparison of Personality and Teacher Attitude Between Stout State University Undergraduate Fellows and Other Students Enrolled in Teacher Education

The problem of this study was to ascertain whether differentiation could be made between Undergraduate Fellows and Eon-Fellows enrolled In teacher education at Stout State University, Menomonie, Wisconsin, on the basis of personality needs as measured by Edwards Personal Preference Schedule and teacher attitude as measured by the Minnesota Teacher Attitude Inventory. Undergraduate Fellows are students recommended by faculty members to participate in seminars, in independent learning activities, and in leadership activities as means of encouraging such students to consider college teaching in the future

Top of the Heap: Efficient Memory Error Protection for Many Heap Objects

Exploits against heap memory errors continue to be a major concern. Although many defenses have been proposed, heap data are not protected from attacks that exploit memory errors systematically. Research defenses focus on complete coverage of heap objects, often giving up on comprehensive memory safety protection and/or incurring high costs in performance overhead and memory usage. In this paper, we propose a solution for heap memory safety enforcement that aims to provide comprehensive protection from memory errors efficiently by protecting those heap objects whose accesses are provably safe from memory errors. Specifically, we present the Uriah system that statically validates spatial and type memory safety for heap objects, isolating compliant objects on a safe heap that enforces temporal type safety to prevent attacks on memory reuse. Using Uriah, 71.9% of heap allocation sites can be shown to produce objects (73% of allocations are found safe) that satisfy spatial and type safety, which are then isolated using Uriah's heap allocator from memory accesses via unsafe heap objects. Uriah only incurs 2.9% overhead and only uses 9.3% more memory on SPEC CPU2006 (C/C++) benchmarks, showing that many heap objects can be protected from all classes of memory errors efficiently

Quality Time: A simple online technique for quantifying multicore execution efficiency

Abstract—In order to increase utilization, multicore pro-cessors share memory resources among an increasing number of cores. This sharing leads to memory interference, which in turn leads to a non-uniform degradation in the execution of concurrent applications, even in the presence of fairness mechanisms. Many utilities rely on application CPU Time both for measuring resource usage and inferring application progress. These utilities are therefore directly affected by the distorting effects of multicore interference on the representativeness of CPU Time as a proxy for progress. This makes reasoning about myriad properties from fairness, to QoS, to throughput optimality very difficult in consolidated environments, such as IaaS. We introduce the notion of Quality Time, which provides a measure of application progress analogous to CPU Time’s measure of resource usage, and we propose a simple online sampling-based technique to approximate Quality Time with high accuracy. We have implemented three user-space tools called Qtime, Qtop, and Qplacer. Qtime can attach to an application to calculate its Quality Time online, Qtop is a dashboard that monitors the Quality Times of all applications on the system, and Qplacer leverages Quality Time information to find better application placements and improve overall system quality. With Quality Time, we are able to reduce the error in inferring execution efficiency from 150.3 % to 25.1 % in the worst case and from 30.0 % to 7.5 % on average. Qplacer can increase average system throughput by 3.2 % when compared to static application placement. I

Revealing Our Melting Past: Rescuing Historical Snow and Ice Data

Analog archival data can supplement modern digital research, but only if those data are preserved, described, and migrated to appropriate formats. The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at the University of Colorado Boulder (CU) is responsible for managing, archiving, and disseminating cryospheric and polar data. The clear majority of these data are digital, but the NSIDC also houses a collection of historical archival materials that include measurements related to the earth\u27s glaciated regions prior to the development of modern instrumentation. Their formats, however, are not conducive to contemporary analysis, rendering them ostensibly “lost” to research. This paper describes a series of efforts to provide access to these collections that date back to their original acquisition, as long ago as the mid-nineteenth century, with focus primarily on activities over the last 15 years. The most recent effort was funded by the Council on Library & Information Resources and won the 2016 International Data Rescue Award. The intent is to highlight key challenges, and our proposed own solutions to those challenges, in designing a digitization project centered on providing online access to analog data in glaciological, geomorphological, and related research

The Impact of Heterozygous KCNK3 Mutations Associated With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension on Channel Function and Pharmacological Recovery

Background-Heterozygous loss of function mutations in the KCNK3 gene cause hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). KCNK3 encodes an acid-sensitive potassium channel, which contributes to the resting potential of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. KCNK3 is widely expressed in the body, and dimerizes with other KCNK3 subunits, or the closely related, acid-sensitive KCNK9 channel. Methods and Results-We engineered homomeric and heterodimeric mutant and nonmutant KCNK3 channels associated with PAH. Using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle and COS7 cell lines, we determined that homomeric and heterodimeric mutant channels in heterozygous KCNK3 conditions lead to mutation-specific severity of channel dysfunction. Both wildtype and mutant KCNK3 channels were activated by ONO-RS-082 (10 mu mol/L), causing cell hyperpolarization. We observed robust gene expression of KCNK3 in healthy and familial PAH patient lungs, but no quantifiable expression of KCNK9, and demonstrated in functional studies that KCNK9 minimizes the impact of select KCNK3 mutations when the 2 channel subunits co-assemble. Conclusions-Heterozygous KCNK3 mutations in PAH lead to variable loss of channel function via distinct mechanisms. Homomeric and heterodimeric mutant KCNK3 channels represent novel therapeutic substrates in PAH. Pharmacological and pH-dependent activation of wildtype and mutant KCNK3 channels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells leads to membrane hyperpolarization. Co-assembly of KCNK3 with KCNK9 subunits may provide protection against KCNK3 loss of function in tissues where both KCNK9 and KCNK3 are expressed, contributing to the lung-specific phenotype observed clinically in patients with PAH because of KCNK3 mutations.National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)Cardiovascular Medical Research and Education Fund (CMREF)Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pharmacol, New York, NY USAColumbia Univ, Dept Pediat, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USAUniv Fed São Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, Dept Biophys, São Paulo, BrazilNew York Stem Cell Fdn, Res Inst, New York, NY USAUniv Fed São Paulo, Paulista Sch Med, Dept Biophys, São Paulo, BrazilNHLBI: F30 HL129656NHLBI R24 grant: R24HL123767Web of Scienc

Impact of Gravel Dredging Operations on Surface Water Quality in Streams in the Upper Cumberland Basin

This is a report to the USEPA, Kentucky Division of Water and the Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, focused on the biologic and morphological impacts of gravel mining in the upper Cumberland basin

Ring-Closing Metathesis of Olefinic Peptides: Design, Synthesis, and Structural Characterization of Macrocyclic Helical Peptides

Heptapeptides containing residues with terminal olefin-derivatized side chains (3 and 4) have been treated with ruthenium alkylidene 1 and undergone facile ring-closing olefin metathesis (RCM) to give 21- and 23-membered macrocyclic peptides (5 and 6). The primary structures of peptides 3 and 4 were based upon a previously studied heptapeptide (2), which was shown to adopt a predominantly 3_(10)-helical conformation in CDCl_3 solution and an α-helical conformation in the solid state. Circular dichroism, IR, and solution-phase ^1H NMR studies strongly suggested that acyclic precursors 3 and 4 and the fully saturated macrocyclic products 7 and 8 also adopted helical conformations in apolar organic solvents. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of cyclic peptide 8 showed it to exist as a right-handed 3_(10)-helix up to the fifth residue. Solution-phase NMR structures of both acyclic peptide 4 and cyclic peptide 8 in CD_2Cl_2 indicated that the acyclic diene assumes a loosely 3_(10)-helical conformation, which is considerably rigidified upon macrocyclization. The relative ease of introducing carbon−carbon bonds into peptide secondary structures by RCM and the predicted metabolic stability of these bonds renders olefin metathesis an exceptional methodology for the synthesis of rigidified peptide architectures